Lesson 3
Resolvamos problemas de comparación multiplicativa
Warm-up: Conversación numérica: Encontremos el factor desconocido (10 minutes)
Narrative
The purpose of this Number Talk is to elicit strategies and understandings students have for finding a unknown factor and relating multiplication and division. These understandings help students develop fluency and will be helpful later in this lesson when students represent and solve multiplicative comparison problems with unknown factors.
Launch
- Display one expression.
- “Hagan una señal cuando tengan una respuesta y puedan explicar cómo la obtuvieron” // “Give me a signal when you have an answer and can explain how you got it.”
- 1 minute: quiet think time
Activity
- Record answers and strategy.
- Keep expressions and work displayed.
- Repeat with each expression.
Student Facing
En cada caso, encuentra mentalmente el valor desconocido.
- \(8 \times {?} = 16\)
- \(3 \times {?} = 24\)
- \({?} \times 8 = 32\)
- \(40 \div 8 = {?}\)
Student Response
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Activity Synthesis
- “¿Tiene sentido que \(40 \div 8\) esté en esta conversación numérica? ¿Por qué sí o por qué no?” // “Does \(40 \div 8\) belong in this number talk? Why or why not?” (It does belong because division is like finding an unknown factor.)
Activity 1: Una colecta de libros (20 minutes)
Narrative
In this activity, students are provided a discrete tape diagram to represent the first problem in which the multiplier (the quantity indicating \(n\) times as many) is unknown. They also rely on what they know about the relationship between multiplication and division to represent and solve each problem.
When students create their representations for the books, whether a diagram or an equation, they reason abstractly and quantitatively (MP2).
Advances: Representing, Conversing
Required Materials
Materials to Gather
Launch
- Groups of 2
- Give students access to connecting cubes.
- “¿Qué saben sobre una colecta de libros? ¿Han participado en una coleta de libros o en un intercambio de libros?” // “What do you know about a book drive? Have you participated in a book drive or book exchange?”
- “Algunas veces, en las escuelas se organiza una colecta de libros en la que los estudiantes donan libros que ya leyeron o que ya no necesitan para que otros puedan disfrutarlos” // “Sometimes schools organize a book drive where students donate books they are done reading or no longer need so others can enjoy them.”
Activity
- 3 minutes: independent work time
- 5 minutes: partner work time
- Monitor for students who represent Noah and Priya's books with:
- 3 books at a time for Noah and stop at 21
- all of Noah’s books and circle groups of 3
- a tape diagram
- a multiplication equation with a symbol for unknown
- a division equation
Student Facing
Este diagrama muestra los libros que Lin y Diego donaron para la colecta de libros de la escuela.
- Lin donó 16 libros. Diego donó 4 libros. ¿Lin donó cuántas veces el número de libros que Diego donó? Explica o muestra cómo razonaste. Usa el diagrama si te ayuda.
-
Priya donó 3 libros. Noah donó 21 libros. ¿Noah donó cuántas veces el número de libros que Priya donó?
Dibuja un diagrama que muestre cómo razonaste.
-
Mai hizo una pila de 27 libros donados. Tyler hizo su propia pila de 3 libros. ¿Mai apiló cuántas veces el número de libros que Tyler apiló? Explica o muestra cómo razonaste.
Student Response
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Advancing Student Thinking
Students may lose track of the group being multiplied and the factor serving as the multiplier and begin to represent, for example, 16 times as many as 4 books. Consider asking:
- “¿Qué se está comparando en este problema?” // “What is being compared in this problem?”
- “¿Cuántas veces esa cantidad de libros describe este problema?” // “How many times as many books are being described in this problem?”
Activity Synthesis
- Invite selected students to share their representation of Priya and Noah's books in the order described above.
- If no students created an equation, ask, “¿Cómo podríamos representar la cantidad de libros de Priya y la cantidad de libros de Noah con una ecuación que tenga un símbolo para representar el valor desconocido?” // “How could we represent Priya and Noah’s books with an equation with a symbol for the unknown?” (\({?} \times 3 = 21\) or \(7 \times {?} = 21\))
- “¿Cómo usaron la multiplicación para resolver el problema?” // “How did you use multiplication to solve the problem?” (I knew \(7 \times 3 = 21\). So, Noah has 7 times as much.)
- “¿Cómo usaron la división para razonar sobre el problema?” // “How did you use division to reason about the problem?” (I knew 21 divided by 3 is 7.)
Activity 2: Representemos una cantidad desconocida (15 minutes)
Narrative
The purpose of this activity is for students to make sense of and represent multiplicative comparison problems in which a factor is unknown. Students use the relationship between multiplication and division to write equations to represent multiplicative comparisons. These problems have larger numbers than in previous lessons in order to elicit the need for using more abstract diagrams, which are the focus of upcoming lessons.
When students analyze Han's and Tyler's claims they construct viable arguments (MP3).
Supports accessibility for: Conceptual Processing, Organization
Required Materials
Materials to Gather
Launch
- Groups of 2
- Give students access to connecting cubes.
- “Tómense un momento para leer el primer problema en silencio” // “Take a moment to read the first problem to yourself.”
- “Explíquenle a un compañero qué les piden que hagan o que encuentren” // “Explain to a partner what you are asked to do or find out.”
Activity
- 7 minutes: independent work time
- Monitor for students who:
- draw a tape diagram with 48 rectangles and then guess and check by circling equal groups until finding an amount with no leftover.
- attempt to draw out all books and revise to create a more abstract diagram.
- write multiplication and division equations with a symbol for the unknown value.
- 2 minutes: partner discussion
Student Facing
-
Clare donó 48 libros. Clare donó 6 veces el número de libros que Andre donó.
- Dibuja un diagrama que represente la situación.
- ¿Cuántos libros donó Andre? Explica tu razonamiento.
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Han dice que puede encontrar el número de libros que Andre donó usando la división.
Tyler dice que tenemos que usar la multiplicación porque dice “veces”.
- ¿Estás de acuerdo con Han o con Tyler? Explica tu razonamiento.
- Escribe una ecuación que represente lo que Tyler pensó.
- Escribe una ecuación que represente lo que Han pensó.
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Elena donó 9 veces el número de libros que Diego donó. Elena donó 81 libros.
Usa la multiplicación o la división para encontrar el número de libros que Diego donó.
Student Response
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Advancing Student Thinking
If students write equations that represent a different situation than presented, consider asking:
- “¿Cómo muestra tu ecuación los libros de Clare (o los de Andre)?” // “How does your equation show Clare’s (or Andre’s) books?”
- “En cada caso, ¿puede una ecuación de división representar la situación?” // “Can a division equation represent each situation?”
Activity Synthesis
- Focus the discussion on why Han is correct that we can use division. (Han is correct because when a factor is missing, we can use division to find out what was being multiplied.)
- “¿Por qué es posible usar una ecuación de multiplicación o una ecuación de división para representar la misma situación?” // “Why is it possible to use a multiplication or a division equation to represent the same situation?” (Because a multiplication equation with an unknown factor is the same as a division equation with an unknown quotient.)
Lesson Synthesis
Lesson Synthesis
“En la lección de hoy resolvieron problemas de comparación multiplicativa en los que faltaba información” // “In today’s lesson you solved multiplicative comparison problems in which different pieces of information were missing.”
Display:
\(32 = {?} \times 8\)
32 es _____ veces 8.
32 es 8 veces _____.
\({?} = 7 \times 5\)
_____ es 7 veces 5.
“¿Cómo completarían las ecuaciones y las afirmaciones de comparación para que sean verdaderas? Expliquen cómo lo saben” // “How would you complete the equations and comparison statements to make them true? Explain how you know.” (In the first set, 4, because 8 four times is 32, and in the second set, 35, because 7 times 5 is 35.)
Cool-down: De vuelta a la colecta de libros (5 minutes)
Cool-Down
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