Lesson 7
Using Graphs to Find Average Rate of Change
Lesson Narrative
Previously, students have characterized how functions are changing qualitatively, by describing them as increasing, staying constant, or decreasing in value. In earlier units and prior to this course, students have also computed and compared the slopes of line graphs and interpreted them in terms of rates of change. In this lesson, students learn to characterize changes in functions quantitatively, by using average rates of change.
Students learn that average rate of change can be used to measure how fast a function changes over a given interval. This can be done when we know the input-output pairs that mark the interval of interest, or by estimating them from a graph.
Attention to units is important in computing or estimating average rates of change, because units give meaning to how much the output quantity changes relative to the input. In thinking carefully about appropriate units to use, students practice attending to precision (MP6).
Students also engage in aspects of mathematical modeling (MP4) when they use a data set or a graph to compute average rates of change and then use it to analyze a situation or make predictions.
Learning Goals
Teacher Facing
- Given a graph of a function, estimate or calculate the average rate of change over a specified interval.
- Recognize that the slope of a line joining two points on a graph of a function is the average rate of change.
- Understand that the average rate of change describes how fast the output of a function changes relative to the input over the interval.
Student Facing
- Let’s measure how quickly the output of a function changes.
Learning Targets
Student Facing
- I understand the meaning of the term “average rate of change.”
- When given a graph of a function, I can estimate or calculate the average rate of change between two points.
CCSS Standards
Glossary Entries
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average rate of change
The average rate of change of a function \(f\) between inputs \(a\) and \(b\) is the change in the outputs divided by the change in the inputs: \(\frac{f(b)-f(a)}{b-a}\). It is the slope of the line joining \((a,f(a))\) and \((b, f(b))\) on the graph.
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