Lesson 1

This Number Talk encourages students to think about how they may use known sums and differences to find the value of other sums and differences. This understanding will be helpful as students continue building fluency with addition and subtraction within 20.

• Display one expression.
• “Give me a signal when you have an answer and can explain how you got it.”
• 1 minute: quiet think time

• Record answers and strategies.
• Keep expressions and work displayed.
• Repeat with each expression.

• “How did the third expression help you find the value of the last expression?”

The purpose of this activity is for students to identify the addition facts within 20 that they do not yet know from memory. They write these sums on index cards which can be used to help students build fluency throughout the section. Students should store these cards to use again in an upcoming lesson. The number choices in this activity include some of the facts that students may still be working to recall from memory at this point in the school year. If desired, the inventory of sums that students complete at the beginning of the activity could be replaced with a list of all sums within 20 or a smaller set of sums that best fit the needs of your students.

• Groups of 2
• Give students access to index cards.

• “Find the value of each sum mentally.”
• 2 minutes: independent work time
• “Circle any sums that you did not remember right away.”
• Share answers. Prompt students to also circle any sums that they did not find correctly.
• “Write each expression that you circled on one side of an index card. Write the value of the expression on the other side. Then you can use the cards to practice these sums.”
• “If you did not circle any expressions, make cards for some of the expressions that are the trickiest to remember. Make cards for these sums and think about what methods you use to remember these sums quickly. Be prepared to share.”
• 6 minutes: independent work time
• Monitor for the sums that several students identify as a sum they need to work on.
• “Share your thinking with your partner.”
• 2 minutes: partner discussion

• Display a list of sums that many students are still working on.
• “A lot of students wrote these sums on their cards. Choose one of the expressions and be ready to explain how you can remember the sum.”
• Share and record responses.

The purpose of this activity is for students to practice finding unknown addends within 20. Students use spinners to determine the total and one of the addends. They write addition equations or subtraction equations to represent how they found the unknown addend. Students connect the different equations in the synthesis and compare different methods for finding the unknown addend mentally.

This activity uses MLR8 Discussion Supports. Advances: listening, speaking, conversing

• Groups of 2
• Give each group the spinners and a paper clip.
• “Let’s play a game to practice our addition and subtraction facts.”
• “Spin the first spinner to get your total. Spin the second spinner to get one addend.”
• Demonstrate spinning both spinners and naming your total and first addend.
• “Both players mentally find the missing addend.”
• Think aloud, finding the missing addend.
• “Share your thinking with your partner. If you both agree on the missing addend, write and share equations that show how you found the missing number.”

MLR8 Discussion Supports

• Display sentence frames to support small-group discussion:
  • “I agree because . . . .”
  • “I disagree because . . . .”
• Demonstrate writing an equation that best matches the method you used to find the missing addend.

• 10 minutes: partner work time
• Monitor for students who:
  • decompose to get to a ten
  • use known addition or subtraction facts
  • make equivalent but easier sums

If students disagree about the unknown number, encourage students to use the sentence frames and create drawings or diagrams to explain why they think their number would make the equation true.

• “Read your equations. Which equations did you know right away?”
• “What did you do when you did not know the unknown number?”
• Invite previously identified students to share methods.